Compare and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Essay While penguins are technically birds, they have many distinct attributes that set them apart from the much of the animal class Aves. Penguins thrive in many different climates including tropical and temperate zones. These animals can survive temperatures below -100 degrees Fahrenheit. Antarctic penguins have a three-tiered insulation system. First, they have feathers that act like tiles on a roof, with longer feathers overlapping smaller, fluffier ones. In essence, water-proofing. Beneath that, penguins have a thick layer of fat that provides an extra buffer from the elements and retains body heat. A third special adaptation in the penguin that isnt found in most birds is its ability to recycle its own body heat. Blood flows pre-cooled to the extremities and warmed going to the heart. In the harshest wind-chilled conditions, penguins will huddle together in massive clusters. Most birds dont have a thick layer of fat or longer feathers on top of fluffier feathers. Many species have to find shelter at night, unlike penguins. Only 50 types of birds can live in the Antarctic and far fewer dare to breed there like the penguin. Most penguins spend upwards of 80 percent of their life in water, preferring colder, nutrient laden coasts. Because they only eat seafood, penguins have evolved sharp, hooked beaks to snare fish. They also have a sticky tongue that helps them capture slippery prey. Penguins are superb swimmers because they have webbed feet that serve as diving fins. Their wings have evolved into flippers. Their hydrodynamic bodies allows them to reach speeds of up to 15 mph. Penguins can hold their breath for long periods, allowing them to dive deep for prey. While 150 species of the bird family Antedate specialize in the water, penguins are the fastest and most adept underwater. Penguins live in colonies of up to 1 million but they dont necessarily need protection in numbers. Penguins have few natural land predators because of the places they inhabit, while many species of birds have to deal with a wide variety of natural land predators. Another distinguishing feature of penguins is their white underside, which keeps them virtually invisible to sharks looking up into the sun through the depths and the birds black tops allow them to swim underneath fish with little detection. Penguins cant fly, but they can toboggan over ice. While many flightless birds roam the Earth, penguins are heavier than most. Their wing bones are denser than those of flight-birds, whose bones are typically hollow. Even without flight penguins are versatile travelers.

United Parcel Service And Service Marketing Business Essay

United Parcel Service And Service Marketing Business Essay Services are economic activities that create and deliver great value to the consumer. It is an act that helps consumers to get things done without having to go do it themselves, and the consumers have to pay for it. Services, which can surprise a customer on the first delivery, always win over with high reputation and excellence or pass with flying colours. This report is on the services offered by UPS, mainly focusing on their call centre. UPS was found in 1907 by two people Jim Casey Claude Ryan who were teenagers at the time, also known as the American Messenger Company, whose messengers delivered packages, and carried notes, baggage and trays of food from restaurants. Most of the delivery was made either on foot or, and bicycles for longer journeys. At the time, only a few automobiles were in existence and department stores of the day still used horses and wagons for merchandise delivery. The company was soon started delivering small parcels for local department stores and changed its name from American Messenger Company to Merchants Parcel Delivery. The company expanded outside Seattle (USA) in 1919 with the acquisition of Oakland (USA) based Motor Parcel Delivery and was renamed United Parcel Service in 1930. UPS began the process of expanding its services by acquiring common carrier rights for the entire country; this took place in the 1950s. Over the past century, UPS has transformed drastically, growing from a small messenger company to a leading provider of air, ocean, ground, and electronic services. In 2003, the company introduced a brand new mark and acronym UPS showing the world that its capabilities extend beyond small package delivery but rather has a broad line of services. However, the company maintains its reputation for integrity, reliability, employee ownership, and customer service. For UPS, the future holds even greater goals to be achieved and accomplished. The UPS Culture As a company, UPS focuses its attention on: Safety: The company spends $38 million a year on safety training, which covers everything from proper body mechanics at work to proper nutrition and exercise at home. As a result, UPS has lowered the number of workdays lost due to injury by more than 50 percent since 1995. Employee education: Many UPS employees at Worldport and other sorting locations are college students. UPS encourages mentors and recruiters from nearby colleges to visit and work with its employees, and it provides additional benefits and perks for college students. Diversity: Minorities make up 35 percent of UPS U.S. employees and 30 percent of its executives. Its also recognized by Fortune magazine as one of the 50 best companies for minorities The Environment: Delivering packages all over the world and moving them between distribution centers requires an enormous amount of fuel. UPS uses several methods to reduce its fuel consumption and its environmental impact. For example, it has developed a hydraulic hybrid package car, and its drivers use route-planning software to minimize the amount of time they spend idling in traffic and making left turns. UPS pilots also fly at the most fuel-efficient speeds possible to meet their delivery deadlines and run only one engine when taxiing to conserve fuel. Current trends in the industry According to Miss Tanya Astley, Customer Representative Officer in the UPS there are no such trends in the company, only the way things are done keep changing, on busy days, like, on festivals and important occasions. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Global Brand, Strong Distribution Network Weaknesses Perception of Ground Delivery instead of Overnight Heavy Union presence Opportunities Expansion of online shopping Emergence of international middle class Threats Increasing Fuel Costs Competitive Landscape (DHL, USPS, FedEx), potentially slowing global economy. Now to use strengths to capitalize on opportunities, I would say leverage the brand online by partnering with major shopping sites. To addresses weaknesses to alleviate threats, I would say heavily market overnight capabilities to keep FedEx and DHL at bay. 3. Major competitors: Fedex DHL Speedex Aramex THE SERVICE OFFERING Determining customer requirements There is no particular way of measuring the customer requirements in the type of service done by UPS, but they tend to attract new customer through marketing and telesales. Customer loyalty is held high in UPS. Strategy There are a lot of different factors to build Competitive advantage in the Air Express Industry. The different strategies of the companies based on their core product which they are better in than other companies hence makes all the difference. When a business provides an excellent service to its customers, it gives them a positive service experience which leads to repeat purchases or usage of that specific service. As well as passing on the experience to family and friends this helps UPS build a stronger relationship with their customers. UPS believes that by achieving effective customer service they will hence achieve a competitive advantage in the market. UPS uses a differentiation strategy; it does this by creating something about its product or service that is perceived as unique in the industry. Customers must perceive the service as a unique one compared to the competition. UPS should be aware that its customers must be relatively price insensitive as adding this additional uniqueness to its services as additional costs Differentiation may be attained through many features that make the product or service appear unique. Possible strategies for achieving differentiation may include: warranties brand image technology features service quality/value dealer network Economies of scale, such as, lower costs and product differentiation were also prime sources of achieving a competitive advantage in this industry, which were used by UPS to its advantage. This helped UPS to gain a much larger domestic market share three times that of United States postal and twice of Fed Ex, UPS was very cost effective at the time and had a very good reputation in the market. It was only a matter of time when UPS realized that they were not doing as well as they did before and also realized that any competitor could do the same in terms of achieving economies of scale. UPS has been the market leader in this division for a long time. UPS as sited in our essay has always been the leader in market pricing trends. Always the first to charge premiums, and the first to give discounts to the customers. UPS strategy has always been quite different from that of Fed Ex, Aramax or even DHL. UPS is very profitable, well organized, successfully run, has low debt, and a massive ground operation that can financially support a downturn in air express operations. Because of their size and financial strength UPS is in the best position to survive a price war in the industry. The media strategy The usage of an appropriate advertising media, such as, television, press, radio, internet and key broadcast channels, leading titles and publications and strategic outdoor sites can be very influential in helping us to achieve our campaign objectives. The following media imperatives have been set for the region: Television is the key broadcast medium to drive awareness of the new UPS brand identity and offering. Radio will be used as a lead (where budgets dont allow for TV) or support medium, reinforcing primary messages and cultivating top-of-mind awareness. Outdoor will be used to communicate the primary message, ensure new logo exposure and in smaller countries, as a substitute for broadcast media. Press will be used to support the TV creative or stand alone, allowing more opportunity to explain the UPS strategy further High reach media will be used at the launch, covering all audiences, followed by one or two lower bursts ensuring longevity of the new brand message. To build customer relationship, the organization could: Keep in touch with the customer by sending emails with the offers and rates. Get regular feedback from customer who have used the service and improve with their suggestions, to make the customer feel like the king. DEMAND AND CAPACITY 1. Demand cannot be forecasted in this industry. The company can only take the initiative to maintain current sales and hope increase sales in the future by marketing. 2. An increase in demand will lead to more people being employed either part time or full time depending on the tasks that need to be performed. Another important thing needed is the service vehicles, with the increased demand. 3. Customers dont have to go through the hassle of waiting in lines for their doubts to be clarified. All the customer has to do is call, which gets routed to various agents in the call centre, to answer any queries or solve any issues. SPECULATION 1).Opportunities appear to be available in the industry currently the margin for opportunities seems to be very narrow. But strategies could be altered according to the consumer needs. For example, some consumers emphasize on price and the others on the service time taken no matter what the price. Recently, UPS is planning to set up a domestic postal service in China. They plan to introduce a next day delivery service and second and third day delivery products. China is a potential for UPS to grow and offer services and products internationally and this it seems China is an emerging market which could be worth billions. 2. Technological advances In todays day and age the air express industry has become so technologically advanced that goods can be delivered overnight. It is facing intense price competition between the competitors, which exist in this market. The ability to price, route, track and deliver parcels and mail in both domestic and international markets demands a comprehensive. A significant improvement in information technology has enabled package carriers to provide to customers the ability to track their packages movement from origin to destination. Other advances included combining logistics, freight and financial services with traditional package delivery in order to offer customers full supply chain management solutions. Only the organizations that were able to achieve these effectively and efficiently were able to survive in this industry. This is how the existing companies could then make their profit. In this industry the price of the service is the main source for competing. This is the only way in achieving Competitive Success. Competitive advantage can be achieved if, the price of the service provided by competitors is similar and the approach taken to provide the service. For instance, the amount of time taken for the product to reach from point A to point B. 3. Advice to other firms who plan to enter the industry Our advice to the new firms which plan to enter this industry would be to, research the market and the industry and think about strategies that provide the new firm a big competitive advantage including low cost of service and low price charged to the customers. The relationship between the firm and the customers should be healthy. The company should be knowledgeable about everything and should see to it that they have all the information necessary. Customer Relationship Management Customers account for 95% of UPSs shipping information directly. The CRM methodology is a very core part of the UPS success story. UPS grows through engineering and re-engineering of its systems. UPSs growth was achieved slowly and methodically from the inside out. An Excellent service is what distinguishes it from other companies. Companies can use and integrate UPS Worldship hence optimizing their business processes. They can process shipments easily, respond to your customers faster, and reduce costly errors. UPS  provides businesses with  multiple ways to integrate WorldShip with their business: Batch Import/Export: Import a file containing addresses, customer orders, or other shipment information, or export shipping history to your internal systems. Keyed Import:  Allow WorldShip to recognize a customers order simply by entering or scanning a unique identifier, such as a Purchase Order number. Hands-Off Shipping:  Schedule WorldShip to pull addresses from your order entry database and automatically print shipping labels at designated times. XML Auto-Import:  Automate shipment processing using XML code. LOGISTICS Logistics is about getting things where they need to be, at the correct time as effectively and efficiently as possible. But nowadays, logistics is also a strategic way to add value to your business, better served customers, and better long term growth. The logistics provided by UPS can help you manoeuvre the intricacies of global trade with minimal effort. Manage your shipments and minimize their environmental impact. And win repeat and loyal customers by making it easy to return products or parts. The new logistics is more than just getting things to the right place at the right time at the right cost. Its about using the movement of goods as a competitive advantage. Its a whole new way of thinking. And its a powerful force for growing your business. Access to Resources through UPS Businesses dont need a large warehouse, distribution center, or global network to access this new logistics. UPS has built a massive integrated network of physical, technological, and human assets that lets you  tap into the power and passion of logistics. The new logistics from UPS levels playing fields. It lets you act locally or globally. Its for the individual entrepreneur, the small business, or the large company. Its reliable, efficient, and environmentally responsible. Long term growth in the telecommunication UPS needs to learn from other industry best practices to gain a competitive edge in and expand beyond their core markets. An increasing number of companies have redefined themselves and significantly outperformed the markets by growth through services. UPS Moved from traditional parcel services to total supply chain solutions. UPS can better differentiate themselves via services by extending relationship with existing customer base leveraging. Superior customer knowledge as key asset. Customer proximity and delivery competence. In addition, developing the necessary skills and scale by new service-specific processes being developed and service innovations to ensure fast scalability of process and time to market. UPSs evolution to Total Supply Chain Solutions started as:- Standalone development of small service operations within the organization: Worldwide Logistics unit Service Parts Logistics Worldwide dedicated Services UPS Truck Leasing UPS consulting This moved on to:- Expansion of product portfolio and consolidation of existing services resources into UPS Supply Chain Solutions. And finally Reorganization and major MA effort with 16 key acquisitions to develop scale and growth.

Carbon Reduction Treaties and the World Trade Organization

Carbon Reduction Treaties and the World Trade Organization Trade and Climate Change: Proposal for Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties Executive Summary The relationship between climate change and the rules controlling the international players is an area that has elicited a lot of debate. Some of the trade agreements undermine the ability of governments to implement climate policies in their own countries. The fight for climate change is a battle for the policy makers in trade since if the conditions are not conducive for trade to happen; their profits will dwindle. Developing countries will have to suffer an extra cost on their exports if the playing field is not level with the international partners. All players in the provision of goods and services should price carbon emission costs correctly to ensure market efficiency. The policy and regulatory changes needed should affect both trade and climate change. This should be a global initiative and not just the leading partners. The effort and implement of proper policies by one party will not be sufficient, as their action will be watered down by the activities by the others. This p aper looks at the effects climate change has had on business at the local and international level. It also looks at ways in which the World Trade Organization rules and regulations conflict with International conventions on climate change, especially carbon emission reduction. Finally, I attempt to make proposals on how this problem of climate change could be resolved without necessarily causing an imbalance in the markets. Trade and Climate Change: Proposal for Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties Introduction Free trade could improve the welfare of many countries. This is rarely achievable though since countries have varying economic powers. They get into trade agreements with neighbors and have a sort of exchange of resources. These relationships are usually a give and take with the politics playing a major role. The inter-relation between climate change and international trade has gravely impacted developing countries. Much emphasis has not been given to provide a solution to a combined effort to reduce the effects of global warming caused by human intervention. Our actions now have far-reaching consequences and will affect generations to come.   In the quest to meet the needs of our respective countries, we are depleting the natural resources and poisoning the environment. This paper will attempt to highlight the potential areas of conflict between various economic interests and the interventions proposed by the trade partners and advocacy groups such as Wort Trade Organizations (WTO). Background The world stands at a crucial juncture with respect to global economic policy development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been formulated through global governance to bring forth a new perception of the issue of climate change to protect the earth’s economy, the human race and the environment (Edouard & Bernstein, 2016). Carbon-Reduction Treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change together with the SDGs are examples of currents ways through which world leaders have come together for the sake of saving the world economy by agreeing to join forces and tackle carbon emissions with one voice. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a body of International partners who have come together to engage on matters concerning the world’s climate. It started as a call to countries to limit global temperatures and control climate changes and working towards the impact of already existing effects of climate change (Park, 2016). The Paris Climate Agreement is an accord within the (UNFCCC) was adopted in December 2015. This Agreement deals with greenhouse gas emission mitigation, adoption and finance commencing 2020.   The agreement was negotiated by 196 parties and signed by 195 members. The Paris Agreement reached an agreement in 2015 where the signatories concurred to restrict global warming ‘well below 2 °C and to pursue further reduction of these temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius (Raes, Liao, Chen & Seinfeld, 2010). Each country is expected to formulate policies and implement them the best way they see fit and finally report to the UNFCCC on their contribution towards mitigation of global warming. They agreed not to set any enforcement mechanisms of this agreement, but they would at the minimum be expected to go beyond earlier set targets. This stance was adopted after it was found impossible to ensure compliance under the Kyoto Protocol (Gupta, 2014). The concerns about this Agreement are that the current pledges by countries are not going to meet the required quota to meet the global target. Countries are not yet effecting policies to ensure carbon dioxide reduction emissions. The lack of an enforcement mechanism means nothing can be done to anyone who fails to implement policies of engage in activities that are geared towards environmental protection. The agreement was just a promise by the heads of state with no legal binding effect. No sanctions such as carbon tax can be imposed on one for failure of compliance (Park, 2016). Private investors are to take up the role of meeting the Sustainable Development Goal No.13 on ensuring action concerning climate change and its impact (Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2017). This involves low carbon ventures and clean technology. The government’s role in this instance would be limited, and hopefully, the conditions in the business environments in the countries would be conducive. The existing trade agreements are of two kinds: Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA). The RTAs are reciprocal agreements between partners. They include customs unions, free trade agreements, etc. PTAs are unilateral preferences that mean the developed countries are given preferential tariffs on their imports from the LCDs and other non-reciprocal preferential systems. The most significant area of conflict between the rules in these trade agreements and climate change is the status of border tax adjustment within WTO’s General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). At the moment there is no carbon pricing to enable meeting of the objectives of climate change under UNFCCC principles (Park, 2016). Strategies to combat climate change suggested by partners are many and varied such as: (1) imposing carbon tax or border tax adjustment. These tax caps are to offset any adverse effects of capping carbon dioxide releases into countries that are not executing the Kyoto protocol. (2) Increased reliance on renewable energies thereby reducing pollution and emission of gases into the atmosphere; and offering inducements for energy efficiency and preservation; (3) lowered subsidies for fossil fuels; and (4) transnational transmissions, so developing countries shun burning coal (Park, 2016). Effects of Climate Change on Business Rapid climate adjustment threatens the global economy not so much for the current generation but for future generations. Under the earlier discussed treaties, countries are expected to meet their targets through national intervention. Their efforts are monitored and recorded in the International Transaction Log by the United Nations (UN) Climate Change Secretariat to ensure compliance with the protocol. The Kyoto Protocol presented 3 market-based instruments to realize the targets by members (Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol). These instruments would motivate sustainable growth through skill transfer and investment; remove carbon in an affordable manner and inspire the privately owned businesses and unindustrialized nations to support the decline struggle. These mechanisms included Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Joint Implementation (JI), and Emissions Trading (ET) (Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2017). A recent study by James Hansen and other co-authors indicated that the glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica could be melting faster than had earlier been predicted. This would mean that within 50 years, the sea levels would rise by 10–20 feet (2015). This means that coastal cities and countries such as New York, Haiti, etc. would suffer tremendously. This is just a simple example of what climate change can do to a country. This is the reason why in 2015, the Conference of Parties (COP21) met in France to discuss International Trade in the face of climate change. The expectation was that these partners would nurture development, create businesses and improvement progress. Developing countries that still rely on the natural habitat for their existence are being affected by global warming, therefore, perpetuating more poverty. This leaves them impoverished since they will not produce any resources to engage in trade.   For example, in Africa, tourism is the main source of income for the countries with tourists visiting from all over the world to see wild animals in their natural habitat. Due to the effects of climate change, there are wildfires and drought that ravage them killing the animals discouraging sightseers. The down at the African Coast of Indian Ocean, the fish stock has gone down due to overfishing and the fact that the sea temperatures have increased, it is no longer possible to support the once attractive marine life (Reiter, 2015). Most of the African nations rely on agriculture for cash crops. This is slowly changing, as there has been a massive loss of biodiversity experienced. Not only will these countries find it difficult to feed their people, they will have nothing to trade with in exchange for the good and services they lack. For instance, the Tanzanian coast which is a central port for trade within the East African community is expected to rise by 70 centimeters by 2070. This would mean the government revenue will be affected and so will service delivery to the people. Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties In 2010, parties to the Multilateral Conventions (WTO, UNFCCC) were unable to reach consensus on reduction of emissions of heat-trapping gases at the Copenhagen climate conference and at the WTO Doha Round in 2001 since they involved complex issues. The issue of cross-linking concessions did not make the discussion easier. There are those scholars who believe that climate change is brought about by countries failing to observe the environmental cost of production, therefore, the society bears the brunt of these actions. There exists monopolies appear as a result of the absence of intervention or if they do not provide a conducive business environment. At the international level, however, market failure leads to a dysfunctioning world economy. As a result of the failure of the Doha and Copenhagen meetings, the U.S and the European Union blamed China and India whom they say are the main emitters of CO2 for failing to commit to the reduction of the emissions under UNFCC (Hermwille, 2018). 3 Policy proposals were fronted as follows: BTAFU: BorderTax Adjustment based on Foreign Unrestricted Carbon Content BTADU: Border Tax Adjustment based on Domestic Unrestricted Carbon Content BTADE: Scenario Efficient Border Tax Adjustment A tax on Carbon would guarantee efficacy between producers from countries with high carbon taxes when compared to with no carbon dioxide emission (Hermwille, 2018). Other trade policy options would include the use of domestic and export subsidies to give national companies an upper hand over international companies. Subsidizing could lead to obligations and subsequently protracted proceedings through the WTO disagreement settlement procedures. If the governments then agree on rights and duties, countries with CO2 reduction policies and existing trade measures may be tempted to reaction as a result of imagined unfair price advantage from countries with policies on carbon reduction (Hermwille, 2018). There exist general exceptions provisions within WTO rules and agreement, which would ordinarily be considered inconsistent with mainstream obligations, which allow trade restrictions of trade to protect, e.g., animals, plants or health to safeguard finite natural resources. These processes can be implemented in a general manner avoiding tedious litigation (Hermwille, 2018). The parties could use the Trade-Related Investment Measures Agreement (TRIMS) as a discussed and resuscitated idea. There was a list of export limitations, trade balancing requirements and home-grown/ local content requirement. TRIMS were a handy trade agreements permitting under developed countries to safeguard their industries. It could be used to now protect industries which committed to reduction of CO2 and dubbed Green Trims ++ (Hermwille, 2018). TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) have exceptions which could be used to help the least developed countries to advance. Technology from developed countries that aid in carbon reduction could be acquired through the â€Å"compulsory licensing† clause making it easier for these countries (LDCs). TRIPS could be widened to include TRIPS++ (Hermwille, 2018). The other solution would be by using the Plurilateral agreements to combine three different sectors as follows:   a) energy (goods and services), b) environment (goods and services) and c) trade (Preferential Trade Agreements) and development (Aid-for-Trade, Enhanced Integrated Framework, TRTAs). This would enable the countries to align their trade and development interests to a green objective (Hermwille, 2018). The WTO’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) may be applied to combat the excessive fossil fuel subsidies. This Agreement has general restrictions have previously not been effective in limiting fossil fuel subsidies since it has been seen as an expensive endeavor (Hermwille, 2018). Plausible Solutions to Climate Changes at National and International levels To end these problems, there has to be a concerted effort, especially by all actors both in developed and developing countries. Trade alterations, trade inducements or subsidizations that encourage wasteful and unsanctionable trade and industry activities must cease to exist. The predisposition to create new hurdles touching on renewables, comprising biofuels, needs to be addressed at the local and international level. Have strict requirements concerning the burden of trade measures, which tend to work against sustainable development goals. Doing away with fossil fuel subsidies such as tax breaks, loans, cheap land, etc. that encourages big corporations to deplete the non-renewable energy sources as opposed to investing in alternative energy sources.   Carbon emissions have increasingly gotten out of hand with the fossil fuels burning such as gas, oil or coal. Carbon dioxide is released into the air when these fuels are being produced. It should thereafter be re-absorbed by plants and animals, but it is too much in the atmosphere making the global temperatures rise. This is global warming. These players need to be incentivized to reduce carbon emissions. Trade and investments are important in making a difference in markets and spreading them. If the players could be allowed to engage in an open trading system, with agreed rules, the producers of fossil energy would increase on efficacy and reduce wastage. As shown in the below, low carbon investment may possibly be attained at domestic echelons through state intervention, industry players, civil societies, private sector etc. (International governance options to strengthen WTO and UNFCCC1, 2011) Source: (Saner, 2011) At the international level, International production organizations should go green. This should be felt at all levels of production and putting in place a verifiable process to ensure strict compliance of the final outcome or process. Multilateral agreements and covenants such as Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) have attempted to achieve this but with little success. Financial markets both local and international could be rewarded for investing in climate adaptation and mitigation. They could be compelled to have an environmental and social governance performance report. This will push them to perform in a more responsible way. Tariffs on environmental technologies should be abolished to encourage innovation of environmentally friendly technologies accessible to many. Wind turbines, solar panels are some of the examples that come to mind that would help developing countries. The Montreal protocol is viewed as one of the most successful multilateral environmental agreements ever. It has received funding from UNDP, UNEP, and the World Bank and spent this money through environmental conservation programs. The Clean Technology Fund is guided by UNFCC principles and finances clean technology transfers, which was to be used for financing technology transfers. These are all good actions by the World Bank, but this has not stopped them from also funding carbon-demanding projects in line with their normal procedures. These funds are in the form of loans so they will eventually have to be paid off at a steep cost especially to the developing countries. This cannot, therefore, be said to be a self-actualization of the Kyoto commitments. Conclusion To reconcile trade rules and climate policies would require the effort of all global partners including the Least Developed Countries. Governments must take it upon themselves to implement the proposals stated herein and other dictates in the WTO agreements. Bearing in mind that WTO is no longer an efficient negotiating partner, countries should engage in regional, bilateral or Plurilateral agreements that support their policies on climate change but at the same time do not stifle international change. A balance can be found where positive climate provisions could find their way in trade policies and vice versa. References Edouard, L., & Bernstein, S. (2016). Challenges for Measuring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.  African Journal Of Reproductive Health,  20(3), 45-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.9 Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. (2017).  Sustainabledevelopment.un.org. Retrieved 22 April 2018, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13 Gupta, A. (2014). Clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol.  International Journal Of Climate Change Strategies And Management,  6(2), 116-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2012-0051 Hermwille, L. (2018). Making initiatives resonate: how can non-state initiatives advance national contributions under the UNFCCC?.  International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law And Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-018-9398-9 Park, D. (2016).  Legal issues on climate change and international trade law. Springer. Raes, F., Liao, H., Chen, W., & Seinfeld, J. (2010). Atmospheric chemistry-climate feedbacks.  Journal Of Geophysical Research,  115(D12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013300 Reiter, J. (2015).  What does climate change mean for the future of trade?.  World Economic Forum. Retrieved 22 April 2018, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/what-does-climate-change-mean-for-the-future-of-trade/ Saner, R. (2011).  International governance options to strengthen WTO and UNFCCC. Retrieved from http://www.diplomacydialogue.org/images/files/20110611-International%20governance%20options%20to%20strengthen%20WTO%20and%20UNFCCC.pdf

Comparing Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and The Woman Warrior Essay

Comparing The Joy Luck Club and The Woman Warrior  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Amy Tan's immensely popular novel, The Joy Luck Club explores the issues faced by first and second generation Chinese immigrants, particularly mothers and daughters. Although Tan's book is a work of fiction, many of the struggles it describes are echoed in Maxine Hong Kingston's autobiographical work, The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. The pairs of mothers and daughters in both of these books find themselves separated along both cultural and generational lines. Among the barriers that must be overcome are those of language, beliefs and customs, and geographic loyalty. The gulf between these women is sadly acknowledged by Ying-ying St. Clair when she says of her daughter, Lena, "'All her life, I have watched her as though from another shore'" (Tan 242). Ultimately, it falls to the daughters, the second, divided generation, to bridge the gap of understanding and reconnect with their old world mothers. The Joy Luck Club begins with a fable that immediately highlights the importance of language in the immigrant story. It is the tale of a hopeful young woman traveling from China to America to begin a new life. She carries with her a swan, which she hopes to present to her American daughter someday. The language barrier is exposed when the woman's good wishes for her future child are defined by the idea that this daughter of an immigrant will never know the hardships endured by her mother because she will be born in America and will "speak only perfect American English" (Tan 18). However, things do not turn out exactly as planned for the young woman. Her lovely swan is confiscated by customs officials, and her treasured daughter, now an adult, does in... ...Strategies of Authorship in Asian America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. Huntley, E. D. Amy Tan : A Critical Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. New York: Vintage International, 1976. Soderstrom, Christina. "Maxine Hong Kingston." Voices From the Gaps: Women Writers of Color. University of Minnesota. 11 Apr. 2001 <http://voices.cla.umn.edu/authors/MaxineHongKingston.html>. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Vintage, 1991. Tavernise, Peter. "Fasting of the Heart: Mother-Tradition and Sacred Systems in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club." The Joy Luck Club Page. 1994 Home page. 11 Apr. 2001 <http://mindspring.com/~petert/tan.htm>. Verschuur-Basse, Denyse. Chinese Women Speak. Trans. Elizabeth Rauch-Nolan. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996   

American Prohibition :: essays research papers fc

Prohibition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the started around the turn of the century, when many people got the idea that most of what was wrong with America was caused by boozepersonal habits and customs of most Americans came to a sudden halt. It . They saw prohibition as the silver hammer that would decimate all of their alky-related woes. Instead, it turned out to be the lodestone that lead America into thirteen years of chaos. The eighteenth amendment was ineffective because it was unenforceable, it caused an explosive growth in crime, and it increased the amount of alcohol consumption.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of all intoxicating liquors. Shortly afterward, the Volstead Act, named for author Andrew J. Volstead, was put into effect. This complimentary law determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcohol content of more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes; this act set up guidelines for enforcement as well (Altman 15). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and general quality of life. This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine precise laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was developed in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were frequently violated by bootleggers and commoners alike. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from overseas and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find. (Bowen 159). There were also illegal speakeasies which replaced saloons soon after the start of prohibition. By 1925, there were over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone (Bowen 160). As good as the ideal sounded, prohibition was far easier to proclaim than to enforce. With only 1,550 federal agents and over 18,700 miles of extensive coastline, it was quite impossible to prevent large quantities of liquor from entering the country (Bowen 166). Barely five percent of s muggled liquor was hindered from coming into the country through the 1920s. Additionally, the illegal liquor industry was under the control of organized gangs, which subdued most authorities. Many bootleggers shielded their business by bribing the authorities, namely federal agents and persons of high political status (Bowen 160).

Medical Industry Essay

Mediksys is a clinic management system designed to help the clinica terencio and hospital in managing their patient record and accommodating during their check-up. This system has Features include save, delete, edit, refresh, search by either first name, surname or id. The search also includes autocomplete. Crystal report with option to print a single selected record or all the records in a datatable. Also a flexibility in the DataGridView which populates all fields when a record is clicked on the gridview. (Note: this is very simple make it complex but don’t be redundant in explain the part. It is not the whole document it is just a overview) IV. Statement of the problem A. General Problem: Manual Clinic Management System of Clinica Terencio and Hospital B. Specific Problem: Accommodating numbers of patient upon check-up Inconvenience patient record monitoring V. Objective of the study A. General Objective: To develop the Mediksys system. B. Specific Objectives: To provide a convenient way in monitoring patient check-up queue using Patient Express Assist. (PEA) To enhance the patient record management V. Scope and Limitations: The system is not intended to replace the role of human being in the world, for it has limitation and capabilities. The capabilities of this system would help human being to have quality life in serving people. It is important to the future reader to understand its limitation to enable them to have a deeper understanding on how it can probably help them with their certain task. A. Scope of the System The authorized nurse (receptionist) and Doctor can access to the system during office hours. The patient can view their Number on the screen for their check-up The authorized nurse (receptionist) can edit, add and delete patient information. The Doctor handle or control the patient Express Assist (PEA) B. Limitation of the system It does not cover other processes aside from recording patient record and viewing the patient number for check-up. (Note: in making scope and limitation the scope should > that limitation) VI. Review on Related Literature and Studies According to Anonuevo (2009) the most high-volume medical service facilities, the implementation of an efficient queuing and scheduling system would always pose a problem. More often than not, medical service facilities would implement a queue manually by either assigning a queue administrator or by using a ticketing system. The problem with these implementations is that the manager or facilitator of the queue does not have a convenient and quick way of informing queued customers of any updates. Because of this, patients are given no indication or estimation as to when their turn will be. As such, patients who are waiting in line will be forced to wait in the same vicinity as the facility. Which in turn, would  lead to long and crowded queues in that particular facility. Another problem that most Philippine medical service facilities have is implementing a reliable, robust and efficient record keeping system. In the Philippine setting, most service facilities still choose to use a paper-basedsystem for keeping medical records. This system has already proved to be slow and inefficient. In a recent survey conducted by the group, 63% of its respondents have admitted to having problems with their record keepingsystem. 83% of these respondents have also admitted to misplacing patient medical records or losing them entirely. These are unacceptable numbers, especially for a medical service facility. Provincial Hospital In-Patient System or PROV-HIS is a generic transaction processing system for provincial hospitals. Implemented in Visual Basic 5 Enterprise edition, it is designed to integrate hospital functions in a local area network system. The proponents identified that data management workload is uneven in the existing hospital system. By carefully studying and establishing a paper trail, the proponents managed to evenly distribute and systematize work among hospital personnel hence disburdening some hospital personnel of work backlogs, made possible through PROV-HIS. L. Morco, a master degree student of De La Salle Univesity observed that PROV-HIS answers the need for an efficient hospital information management. It made use of data coming from the vital source of hospital transactions which are the admission, the medical record service, the billing service and the hospital wards. The result of the proponents effort is a system that would serve as benchmark in the coming years particularly on hospital in-patient systems for devolved, tertiary provincial hospitals. (Provincial hospital in-patient system (PROV-HIS), 1999) In developing the system, the proponents were guided by theories acquired in the course of their study in the university. Tools such as systems design and analysis, knowledge on database management, normalization and creation, software engineering methodologies, human-computer interaction theories and information systems concepts were benefited by the system developers. Reading materials, internet information and direct user contact made the study flourish into what is now. The study concludes that the developed system is now utilizing hospital data with great accuracy and  efficiency with the use of non-redundant processes and less error-prone activities compared to the existing system. PROV-HIS has also proven itself worthy to be called a hospital information system because it is record-management oriented, the primary criterion for hospital information (Note: there are many ways for citation, please study and search about it [the red ink above indicates my citation for this work ])

Belonging in “Bend it like Beckham” Essay

The struggle to belong is significant in shaping the familial and cultural relationships of migrants. This idea is evident in two of Peter Skrzynecki’s poems, Feliks Skrzynecski and postcard, as well as the movie bend it like beckham directed by Gurinda Chadha. All of us have had to struggle for something in our lives, however, when minorities such as the ones portrayed in these texts are forced into a struggle due to their ancestry, their ties with their family and culture are greatly influenced. Struggling to find a sense of belonging with ones family can be overcome by a shared experience. This is evident in Feliks skrzyecki, when Peter, who after migrating to Australia starts to lose his connection with his fathers Polish heritage The poets isolation from his father is shown in the quote â€Å"shook hands too violently†, visual imagery is used to show the fact that peter cannot connect with his father or his friends. Later in the third stanza the impersonal pronoun â€Å"they† is used to exclude Feliks from his father and in turn the cultural heritage that his father belongs to. However, 2 stanzas later, Peter is able to achieve a sense of belonging with his father after an experience encountering a department store clerk. the who † asked me in dancing bear grunts â€Å"did your father even attempt to learn english?† the clerk is used as a microcosm to represent an unwelcoming society, which both he and his father struggle to fit into. There shar ed experience helps build the relationship of he and his father. This shows us that when an experience is shared, a connection can made more easily with ones family. This idea is also prevalent in bend in like beckham. when main character jess, an indian teenager struggles to connect with her family due to their disapproval of her love for soccer. Her isolation from her parents mirrors that of peter. for example as jess prepares to take a free kick she envisions her family on the opposition team, all dressed in traditional sikh clothing, pleading with jess to return to her traditional duties. The directer uses costuming to juxtaposed jess’s football kit with the clothing of her ancestors,this shows the alienation that she suffers from her indian culture, as well as the internal conflict that she suffers when deciding  between her heritage and her soccer. Her disconnection is also evident when a close up shot is used of the mother, as she states â€Å"what family would want a daughter in law who can kick a football all day but can’t make round chapatis?†. this is juxtaposed with her daughters perspective in a previous scene when jess says â€Å"who wants cook Aloo Gobi when you can bend a ball like beckham. These quotes help give an understanding of the constant struggle that jess faces between her passion of soccer and the heritage that was bestowed upon her. The text is also similar to feliks skrzynecki due to that fact that she finds a way to connect with her father through the shared experience of being racially vilified, just as peter and his dad did. during a soccer match, jess is abused by an opposition player, being called a â€Å"paki† – a racial slur towards someone of sub continental descent. This incident mirrors the struggle that her father went through when he was thrown out of his cricket club due to his decent. He described his treatment using simile as â€Å"like a dog† to show the alienation he felt. The shared experience of being racially vilified helped connect the father and daughter, much like in Feliks skrzynevski. The struggle to belong can also lead to an acceptance of ones ancestry. This is shown in Postcard, a poem that discusses Peter skryznecki’s internal struggle when receiving a postcard from his parents old city of warsaw. The postcard elicits emotions of alienation due to the fact that it is something his parents can connect to, but he himself is disconnected from it, having never been there. high modality is used when the quote † i never knew you† is repeated throughout the second phase of the poem. impersonal pronouns such as â€Å"my father† and â€Å"my mother† are used to alienate him from the town. It is this internal struggle of being disconnected with his ancestry that leads him to the realisation in the last stanza of the poem that he must eventually connect with the town that he has such strong heritage with. Personification and high modality is used in the quote â€Å"a lone tree whispers â€Å"we will meet before you die.†Ã¢â‚¬  The lone tree is a metaphor for his subconscious, which means that he has come to the conclusion that he must eventually confront his ancestry and find a sense of belonging with it. this  realisation could not of been possible without the internal struggle and alienation that he felt from his cultural heritage. This contrast with both Feliks Skrzynecki and Bend it like beckham. in Feliks skrzynecki he Peter does not come to the conclusion that he will reconnect with his ancestors, instead he drifts away from them, as shown in the final stanza. â€Å"watched me pegging my tents/further south of Hadrians wall†. The metaphor of hadriens wall is used to represent his migrant culture, and the fact that he will continue to drift away from it, rather than try and connect with it, like in Postcard. Bend it like beckham again differs from these texts as it is jess’s family that eventually accepts her. it is evident in the quote â€Å"I taught her a full indian dinner, the rest is up to god.† that her mother has accepted her daughter, and jess’ struggle to belong to her family is over. In conclusion struggling to belong will ultimately be the catalyst for a stronger or weaker connection with your family and heritage, whether that change is positive or negative is dependent on the environment that one is surrounded in. Both Postcard and Feliks skrzynecki by Peter skrzynecki and bend it like beckham directed by Gurinda Chadha effectively display this.